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Diversity Guide - Religion and Belief - Equality and Diversity The Equality Act replicates the provisions of previous legislation. Paradoxically, such pluralism is often expressed along with claims that Hinduism is greatly superior in various ways to other religions. But these lesser ways should and eventually will give way to Christianity, the truest religion, intended for all humankind. In the terms explained above, a religion claims to have a diagnosis (section 1 above). A difficulty for any pluralist theory is how to restrict the group of equally good religions without losing the appearance of being all-accepting or wholly non-judgmental. (Hick 2011), A less developed identist pluralism is explored by Peter Byrne. Nonetheless, the Roman Catholic church remains the unique divine instrument; no one is saved without some positive relation to it. What Is Religion? Defining the Characteristics of Religion OConnor, Timothy. Still other Catholic theologians have found these moves to be positive but not nearly different enough from the more pessimistic sort of exclusivism. These qualities include but are not limited to: being humble, reasonable, kind, broad-minded, open-minded, informed, cosmopolitan, modern, properly appreciative of difference, non-bigoted, tolerant, being opposed to proselytizing (attempts to convince those outside the religion to convert to it), anti-colonialist, and anti-imperialist. Starting as a traditional, non-pluralistic Christian, Hick attended religious meetings and studied with people of other religions. (Legenhausen 2006), Other objections have been centered on the status of Hicks personae. Ethnic or national origins include, for However, he thought that it is arbitrary and indefensible to hold that only ones own experiences or the experiences of those in ones group are veridical, while those of people in other religions are not. (For others see Hick 2004, Introduction.). (Dupuis 2001, 127-9) Whether these non-Catholics are thought to be in the church by a non-standard means, or whether they are said to be not in the church in reality but only in desire, it was held that they were saved by Gods grace. A similar pluralism is advanced by Japanese Zen scholar Masao Abe (1915-2006). (Sharma 1999, ch. Heim notes that pluralists like Hick insist on one true goal or salvation which is achieved by all the equally valuable religions, a goal which is proposed by the pluralist and which differs from those proposed by most of those religions. (1995, 2004) All the major religions are equal in that they (1) refer to and facilitate cognitive contact with a single, transcendent reality, (2) each offers a similarly moral- and eternal-oriented cure, and (3) each includes revisable and incomplete accounts of this transcendent reality. (Smith 2003, 2012). (Dupuis 2001; Burton 2010), Historically, Jewish intellectuals have usually adopted an inclusivist rather than an exclusivist view about other religions. 1939), have formulated various pluralist theories. There are even cases of Buddhists seeking to turn devotees of other religions traditions into anonymous Buddhists who worship Buddhist deities without realizing that this is the case. (Burton 2010, 11), Forming his views by way of a detailed critique of various core and identist pluralist theories, Baptist theologian S. Mark Heim (b. The gods and lords will stay at the provisional levels of truth and reality, the levels which a fully enlightened person, as it were, sees beyond. It can build strength of character, pride, and confidence. On the one hand, it is difficult to consistently distinguish inclusivism from exclusivism, because the latter nearly always concedes some significant value to other religions. But it is very rare for a scholar to go beyond merely assuming or asserting some sort of causal connection between the various theories about religious diversity and the above virtues and vices. Exploring the trend in religious diversity: Based on the geographical What sense, for instance, would it make for a Zen Buddhist to undergo the Catholic rites of confession and penance? Another, without saying that people may be saved through membership in them, affirms various positive values in other religions, including true teachings, which serve as divinely ordained preparations for reception the gospel. Though naive pluralisms are not common amongst scholars in relevant fields, they are important to mention because they are entertained by many people as they begin to reflect on religious diversity. When employees feel that they are valued and that their contributions are . But others teach that the ultimate reality is a perfect self, a being capable of knowledge, will, and intentional action. Diversity refers to all of the ways in which people differ, including primary characteristics, such as age, race, gender, ethnicity, mental and physical abilities, and sexual orientation; and secondary characteristics, such as nationality, education, income, religion, work experience, language skills, geographic location, family status, For example, a religious group may function only to satisfy the desires of its founder, discourage the worship of God, encourage the sexual abuse of children, or lead to the damnation of its members. There are three serious problems with verificationist pluralism. But one may talk also of negative religious pluralism in which most or all religions have little or no positive value and are equal in this respect. Even God, the greatest concrete, actual being in this philosophy is, in the end, an all-encompassing unity of experience, and is to be understood as a process of Creative-Responsive love. (Griffin 2005b; Cooper 2006, ch. For example, both Christians and Buddhists have adopted religious-diversity-celebrating rhetoric while clearly denying anything described above in this article as a kind of pluralism about religious diversity. (Peterson et. The tradition now called Hinduism is and always has been very internally diverse. For instance, some religions teach that the ultimate reality (the most real, only real, or primary thing) is ineffable (such that no human concept can apply to it). al. Nationality includes, for example, being a British, Jamaican or Pakistani citizen. Religious pluralism in some contexts means an informed, tolerant, and appreciative or sympathetic view of the various religions. As explained above (section 3c) a major impetus for this has been statements issued by the latest official council (Vatican II, 1962-5). Appropriating Immanuel Kants distinction between phenomena, how things appear, and noumena, things in themselves, Hick postulated that the Real is ineffable and is not directly experienced by anyone. 2) He was what we now call a pluralistic Hindu (and most Hindus would add that he was also an unorthodox Hindu). Judaism and Other Faiths., Datta, Narendra [Swami Vivekananda]. religion or belief. Worldwide, more than eight-in-ten people identify with a religious group. The traditional Islamic perspective is that while in one sense Islam was initiated by Muhammad (570-632 CE), Islam in the sense of submission to God was taught by all prior prophets, and so their followers were truly Muslims, that is, truly submitted to God. (Plantinga 1999, 288-303), Subsequent papal statements have moved cautiously in Rahners direction, affirming the work of the Holy Spirit not only in the people in other religions, but also in those religions themselves, so that in the practice of what is good in those religions, people may respond to Gods grace and be saved, unbeknownst to them, by Christ. Importantly, he construes the various religious goals as experiences obtaining in this life and continuing beyond. Some Buddhist texts teach that there can be a solitary Buddha (pratyekabuddha), a person who has gained enlightenment by his own efforts, independently of Buddhist teaching. Diversity definition: what do we mean by diversity in the workplace? If the core is true teachings, theyll all be true (to some degree). Nineteenth century popes condemned Enlightenment-inspired theories of religion pluralism about truth and salvation, then called indifferentism, it being, allegedly, indifferent which major religion one chose, since all were of equal value. Dabblers and hobbyists freely stitch together unique quilts of religious beliefs and practices, but such constructions seem to make little sense once a believer has accepted any particular religion. (Sedgwick 2004) Like traditional religions, it too offers a diagnosis of the human condition and a cure. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Religion is a system of beliefs and moral norms that serve as spiritual guide for the human being; the mythology that composes them and their main characteristics vary between culture and culture. marriage and civil partnership. Early bishop Ignatius of Antioch (c. 35-107) writes that if any follow a schismatic [that is, the founder of a religious group outside of the bishop-ruled catholic mainstream] they will not inherit the Kingdom of God. (Letter of Ignatius to the Philadelphians 3:3) Leading catholic theologian Origen of Alexandria (c. 186-255) wrote: outside the Church no one is saved. (Dupuis 2001, 86-7) Yet Origen also held, at least tentatively, that eventually all rational beings will be saved. However, they nearly always have at least one criterion for excluding religions as inferior in the aspect(s) they focus on. This view was affirmed by Pope Pius X (r. 1846-78) in his Singulari Quadam (1854): outside the Apostolic Roman Church no one can be savedOn the other handthose who live in ignorance of the true religion, if such ignorance be invincible, are not subject to any guilt in this matter before the eyes of the Lord. (Neuner and Dupuis 2001, 311). This is because they cannot be empirically verified, that is, their truth or falsity is not known by way of observational evidence. It has been typical also for Buddhist thinkers to hold that at best, the same is true of other religious traditions. It is only modern people who are blinded by the misunderstanding that science reveals all, who have forgotten it. Or are those gods mere fictions? If, for example, in his view Allah, Vishnu, and Yahweh are all real and distinct, is Hick thereby committed to polytheism? Religious Pluralism and the Some-Are-Equally-Right View., Yandell, Keith. (OConnor 1999) This exclusivism is compatible with both exclusivism and inclusivism in this article. ]Religion and religious conceptions, beyond being systems of belief and patterns of worship . Religious difference has become a factor in local and global conflicts and peace building. (Legenhausen 2009), The term religious pluralism is almost always used for a theory asserting positive value for many or most religions. Moreover, it seems a necessary truth that if the concept personal doesnt apply to the Real, then the concept non-personal must apply to it. Catholics are exhorted to patient, friendly dialogue with members of other religions. The underlying metaphysics here is that of process philosophy, in which events are the basic or fundamental units of reality. A Muslims Proposal: Non-Reductive Religious Pluralism. 2006. These connections between theory and character which are believed by some to provide practical arguments for or objections to various theories need to be argued for. Islam is the fastest growing religion in the world, including the U.S. 70% of Americans attend a religious service monthly. The second part contains answers to questions linked to the treatment of differences in religious education in Croatia and characteristics of teachers that can be linked to this theme. On the other hand, many theorists want to adopt the friendly and broad-minded sounding label pluralism for their theory, even though they clearly hold that one religion is uniquely valuable. Subjectively, those other people have similar grounds for belief. 3 There are many ethnic groups in the United States, due in large part to its immigrant population; each of these groups contributes to America's cultural heritage. Equally, Advaita Vedanta Hindus must let go of their insistence on Nirguna Brahman as ultimate.

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