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The population in the Canadian Shield is somewhere around 7 million . In addition to its rich natural resources, including substantial deposits of such mineral ores as nickel, gold, silver, and copper, and pristine northern ecosystems, the Canadian Shield also serves as a fertile area for human beings trying to better understand the origin of life. The rocks that now form the surface of the Shield were once far below the Earth's surface. It forms the North American Craton (or Laurentia), the ancient geologic core of the North American continent. Some of the highest producing hydroelectric dams include Churchill Falls, Labrador, and James Bay, Qubec. It is marked by cool summers (except the Lac Seul Upland area which has warm summers) and very cold winters. Impact modelling suggests that, although overall economic impacts may be slightly positive in the short term at moderate degrees of warming, further warming and associated changes in climate will overwhelm systems, causing net economic losses . Temperature and Precipitation Graphs - NASA [9] The Shield was originally an area of very large, very tall mountains (about 12,000m or 39,000ft)[10] with much volcanic activity, but the area was eroded to nearly its current topographic appearance of relatively low relief over 500 million years ago. This is a vast, deeply dissected mountain range, stretching from northernmost Ellesmere Island to the northernmost tip of Labrador. The Canadian Shield, particularly the portion in the Northwest Territories, has recently been the site of several major diamond discoveries. Finally, the Nain province is the smallest of the seven regions, and is not a major mineral producer. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. climate change, global climate change, global warming, natural hazards, Earth, environment, remote sensing, atmosphere, land processes, oceans, volcanoes, land cover . First remeasurement (2017) estimate of Canada's forest area. Climate is not only wholly dependent on these regions, however. Canada geography, maps, climate, environment and terrain from Canada Why is the Canadian Shield important to Canada? The Northern part gets very little rain and snow each year. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. If underground areas are included, the Canadian Shield covers even more area. While Canada's fertility rate is 1.53 births per woman, below the population replacement rate, the population continues to grow as migration plays an increasing role in the population. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. The regions climate is intimately tied to its topography, which has many exposed and rocky areas. Unique geographic features and formations can significantly impact the climate in an area. 3 What biome is South Florida? These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The northeastern portion, however, became tilted up so that, in northern Labrador and Baffin Island, the land rises to more than 1,500 metres (5,000 feet) above sea level. The lowest temperature ever recorded was 81 F (63 C) at Snag, Yukon, in 1947. apart from forestry, what other important industry is found in the shield today mining industry what is unusual about the climate of the western cordillera it has a maritime clime strongly influenced by the closeness of large body of water. The climate in this area has four distinct seasons. The nearby but less-known Temagami Magnetic Anomaly has striking similarities to the Sudbury Basin. In the Canadian Shield , there are short cold winters and long hot summers . Canadian Shield . The mountains of the Canadian Shield were subsequently eroded by weather such as wind and rain. Because a large portion of the worlds boreal zone lies in Canada (28% or 552 million hectares), this countrys boreal forest affects the health of the environment worldwide. The traditional territory of the Dene and Inuit includes the sections of the Shield now covered by the Northwest Territories andNunavut. canadian shield climate graph Given their size and depth, the lakes gain heat in the summer months and release it during the winter. The Canadian Shield is so large that the climate varies across it. 4 degrees F (-18 degrees C), and in the summer it is 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Explanation: Humans can be found living in virtually all types of terrestrial biomes. It covers parts of Saskatchewan and Alberta. The growing season of about 120 days coincides with summer daylight averaging about 15 hours, while winter daylight averages about 8.5 hours. The traditional calendar seasons, as defined by the . Smaller predators include the coyote, red and arctic fox, muskrat, wolverine, weasel, mink, marten, otter, and least weasel. The lowlands of the Canadian Shield have a very dense soil that is not suitable for forestation; it also contains many marshes and bogs (muskegs). Adding TravelTime as Impedance in ArcGIS Network Analyst? Even in the driest month there is a lot of rain. The western portion of the Eastern Canadian Shield Taiga ecoregion is composed of the Larch Plateau and the Richmond Hills, with elevations ranging from 150 m near the coast of James Bay to 450 m further east. Click here to learn more. The climate of this ecoregion is low to high subarctic, characterized by short, cool summers and very cold winters. A brief description of the climate in the St. Lawrence Lowlands. Learn why looking at a set of climate models, rather than a single one, can lend confidence to decisions. In the northern part of the Canadian Shield they get 5 hours of daylight in the winter and 24 hours in the summer months. The annual temperature range is 23C and Vancouver's annual precipitation is 1167mm. . Image by Jon Sullivan. Physical Features. Climate change is set to cause major changes across the world: sea levels will rise, food production could fall and species may be driven to extinction. The exposed metamorphic rock of the Canadian Shield mostly traces to the Precambrian era, between 4.5 billion and 542 million years ago, including extensive exposed rock from the Archean eon. Some of the ancient mountain ranges can still be recognized as a ridge or belt of hills, but the present appearance of the physical landscape of the Canadian Shield is not so much a result of the folding and faulting and compression of the rocks millions of years ago as it is the work of ice in relatively recent geologic time. Most often they are bordered by belts of folded Cambrian rocks. In the United States, the Canadian Shield includes the Adirondack Mountains of northern New York, the northernmost part of Lower Michigan and all of Upper Michigan, northern Wisconsin, and northeastern Minnesota. The processes that formed the Canadian Shield have taken over three billion years to get where it is now. There are two types of deposition processes: wet and dry. It has over 150 volcanic belts (now deformed and eroded down to nearly flat plains) that range from 600 to 1,200 million years old. . The mean annual temperature ranges from -4C to 0.5C; the mean summer temperature ranges from 11.5C to 14C; and the mean winter temperature ranges from -20.5C to -14.5C. (This is the full-length entry about the Canadian Shield. Canadas boreal forest (270 million hectares) stores carbon, purifies the air and water, and regulates the climate. Antarctic tundra occurs on Antarctica and on several Antarctic and subantarctic islands, including South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands and the Kerguelen Islands. Wolves, black and grizzly bears and the lynx are the larger predators. Thanks for contributing to The Canadian Encyclopedia. When the Greenland section is included, the Canadian Shield is approximately circular, bounded on the northeast by the northeast edge of Greenland, with Hudson Bay in the middle. Today, Canada's 348 million hectares of forest lands represent about 9% of the world's forest cover, but account for only 0.3% of global deforestation. At 470,000 square miles, Hudson Bay is second only in size to the Bay of Bengal. Because the Shield was formed through a series of orogenies, it was once a mountainous region. The boreal forest (or taiga) is the worlds largest land biome. Deforestation in Canada: Key myths and facts This results in very hot summers and very cold winters. Quebec is a city with a significant rainfall. The data displayed is for the ~10 km x 6 km grid cell within which the selected location lies. The cold, highly saline water of the northern Atlantic sometimes forms an anomaly called the cold blob that results in unseasonably warm temperatures in the maritime provinces. You can see this by the precipitation level in relation to the temperature. In the Canadian Shield , there are short cold winters and long hot summers . The national capital Ottawa is located in Ontario bordering Quebec. During the summer, however, the parts of Canada farthest from open water are the warmest. In the southern part, there are very cold snowy winters, while the summers are warm and long. (See also Geological Survey of Canada. Here it collects warm, moist air before continuing across the continent and towards Europe, where these winds are believed to be the reason for Norways warmer temperatures than other regions along the same latitude. Animals in the Arctic portion of the Shield include polar bears, Arctic fox, Arctic hares, snowy owls and rock ptarmigan. The Canadian Shield is a collage of Archean plates and accreted juvenile arc terranes and sedimentary basins of the Proterozoic Eon that were progressively amalgamated during the interval 2.45-1.24 Ga, with the most substantial growth period occurring during the Trans-Hudson orogeny, between c. 1.90-1.80 Ga. [5] The Canadian Shield was the first Climate: Toronto. Climate Graph, Temperature Graph, Climate Table. Accordingly, the data does not necessarily reflect the exact point that you select, particularly in areas with varying microclimates. Standard reports, Table 4.0, Area (1000 ha) of forest and non-forest land in Canada. In 2008, researchers estimated rock found on the northern shore of Hudson Bay, 40 km south of Inukjuak, to be 4.28 billion years old. Shaped like a horseshoe or the shields carried during hand-to-hand combat the Canadian Shield extends from Labrador in the east to include nearly all of Qubec, much of Ontario and Manitoba, the northern portion of Saskatchewan, the northeast corner of Alberta, much of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut and into the Arctic Archipelago. Wet deposition causes erosion that affects ecosystems. How do we plan for a future that is uncertain? The Canadian Shield, a northern region constituting almost half of Canada, has a cold, dry climate characterized by Arctic winds, heavy snowfall during the winter, cool, short summers in the north and warm summers in the south.

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