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Marine Regions 1 Aug 1999. The Yucatn platform was emergent until the mid-Cretaceous. It extends approximately 1,247 kilometers and comprises two Mexican states; Baja California Sur and Baja California. It is 17,070 feet (5,203 meters) below sea level in the Mexico Basin. Lopez, M. (2001), Architecture and depositional pattern of the Quaternary deep-sea fan of the Amazon, Mar. This is excellent resolution, geophysically speaking, and for the past 2 decades the map has been a respected and popular regional data set within science, academia, and the oil and gas industry. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. In the open gulf the salinity is comparable to that of the North Atlantic, about 36 parts per thousand. [52] Although initial reports indicated that relatively little oil had leaked, by April 24, it was claimed by BP that approximately 1,000 barrels (160m3) of oil per day were issuing from the wellhead, about 1-mile (1.6km) below the surface on the ocean floor. It is hypothesized that the salt precipitated out of hypersaline seawater when Africa and South America pulled away from North America during the Triassic and Jurassic, some 200 million years ago. The gulf's peculiar history gave rise to a . https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-8172(00)00071-4, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2003.01.002, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.92.7-8.863, Neural Networks Map the Ebb and Flow of Tiny Ponds, Collaboration Helps Overcome Challenges in Air Quality Monitoring, What We Know and Dont Know About Climate Tipping Elements, Proudly powered by Newspack by Automattic. Gulf of Mexico (Google Maps). Published May 25, 2017. The gulf's warm water temperature can feed powerful Atlantic hurricanes causing extensive human death and other destruction as happened with Hurricane Katrina in 2005. This thinning created a broad zone of transitional crust, which displays modest and uneven thinning with block faulting, and a broad zone of uniformly thinned transitional crust, which is half the typical 40-kilometer (25mi) thickness of normal continental crust. (2013), Jurassic evolution of the Gulf of Mexico salt basin, AAPG Bull., 97, 16831710, https://doi.org/10.1306/04011312073. In 1510, he accompanied Diego Velzquez de Cullar, an aide of the governor of Hispaniola, in his expedition to conquer Cuba. [58], According to the National Response Center, the oil industry has thousands of minor accidents in the Gulf of Mexico every year. There is extreme variability in both current direction and speed on the continental shelf and in the coastal waters of the gulf, where currents are subjected to seasonal and annual variations caused not only by major circulation patterns but also by changes in the prevailing wind direction. This map integrates layers from the Gulf of Mexico Data Atlas into a single environment that allows users to select and view datasets individually or simultaneously. Mergers and acquisitions through the years meant that instead of being required to ask 15 companies for permission to publish, BOEM needed to request it from only 7: CGG Services (U.S.), Inc.; ExxonMobil Corporation; Petroleum Geo-Services (PGS); Seitel, Inc.; Spectrum USA; TGS-NOPEC Geophysical Company; and WesternGeco, LLC. [19] Seven main areas are given as:[citation needed]. The basin is unusually flat, having a gradient of only about 1 foot (0.3 metre) in every 8,000 feet (2,440 metres). Kourafalou, D. Otis, K.A. Three locations, E-1, E-3 and E-4, are located off the west coast of Florida. In part artificial, the waterway consists of a channel paralleling the coast behind barrier beaches, the channel being linked by a series of canals. BOEMs new map, derived exclusively from 3-D seismic data, doesnt cover as large an area as the NOAA/NGDC/GCOOS map, but its enhanced resolution and consistent pixel size reveal undiscovered and previously poorly resolved geologic features over the continental slope, salt minibasin province, abyssal plain, Mississippi Fan, and the Florida Shelf and Escarpment. There the currents are relatively weak, varying appreciably in intensity with season and location. To date, BP's cost for the clean-up, environmental and economic damages and penalties has reached $54bn. During periods when the volume of the Mississippis flow is greatest, salinities as low as 14 to 20 parts per thousand occur as far as some 20 to 30 miles (30 to 50 km) offshore. It has been called the "Jacuzzi of Despair". ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model: Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis. Gulf of Mexico, International Waters (IW) Like. [48] It was 8,776 square miles (22,730km2) in 2017, the largest ever recorded. [29], The Gulf is considered aseismic; however, mild tremors have been recorded throughout history (usually 5.0 or less on the Richter magnitude scale). by John A. Haymond 2/8/2022. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal government site. New Orleans Theses Diss. 237, 107 pp., Univ. Search, Visualize, Download, Create. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Lett., 13, 207211, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01207749. The team labored until September 12 to salvage the Padre Island treasure. Pin. [38] The wreck's precise location was discovered during the C & C Marine survey that located the U-166. Eakins, 2009. Advocate, D. M., and K. C. Hood (1993), An empirical time-depth model for calculating water depth, northwest Gulf of Mexico, Geo Mar. The size of the Gulf basin is approximately 1.6million km2 (615,000sqmi). The U-boat sailed on only two war patrols and sank four ships totalling 7,593gross register tons(GRT). Iran's army said it had seized a Marshall Islands-flagged oil tanker in the Gulf of Oman after it collided with an Iranian boat, injuring several crewmen, Iranian . Evaluation of Gulf of Mexico oceanographic observation networks, impact assessment on ecosystem management and recommendations (NOAA RESTORE Act Science Program, 09/01/2015-08/31/2019, M. Le Hnaff Lead PI), Influence of river induced fronts on hydrocarbon transport (01/01/2016-12/31/2019, Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative GoMRI), Southeastern Gulf of Mexico processes affecting basin-wide connectivity and hydrocarbon transport: the role of mesoscale eddies and upwelling near Cuba (01/01/2018-12/31/2019, GoMRI, M. Le Hnaff Co-PI). The consensus among geologists[4][8][9] who have studied the geology of the Gulf of Mexico is that before the Late Triassic, the Gulf of Mexico did not exist. After both platforms were submerged, the formation of carbonates and evaporites has characterized the geologic history of these two stable areas. Track of Hurricane Katrina (2005) overlaid on Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential (TCHP) conditions in the Gulf of Mexico on August 20, 2005. The Gulf of Mexico's eastern, northern, and northwestern shores lie along the US states of Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. Davis, Jack E. (2018). [22] On May 1, 1699, he completed a fort on the north-east side of the Bay of Biloxi, a little to the rear of what is now Ocean Springs, Mississippi. Gulf of Mexico - Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory This attracts fish, shrimp, and squid. Our 3-D seismic database of confidential data covers 350,000 square kilometers of the Gulf of Mexico. As geologic time progressed, river deltas and marine microfossils deposited thousands more meters of sediments into the basin, atop the thick layer of salt. Cuba and Florida are regularly hit by hurricanes on their Atlantic and Gulf coasts. The Gulf of Mexico is a semi-enclosed basin connected, to the south, to the Caribbean Sea, and to the North Atlantic Ocean to the east. The US portion of the Gulf coastline spans 1,680 miles (2,700km), receiving water from 33 major rivers that drain 31 states. Salt filled the basin to depths of thousands of meters until it was opened to the ancestral Atlantic Ocean and consequently regained open marine circulation and normal salinities. The Southern U.S. states of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, which border the Gulf on the north, are often referred to as the "Third Coast" of the United States (in addition to its Atlantic and Pacific coasts). The Gulf of Mexico contains large deposits of petroleum and natural gas. Remote Off the west coast of Florida as well as off the Yucatn Peninsula, the continental shelf consists of a broad area composed primarily of carbonate material. However, the Gulf is shallower; when a hurricane passes over the water temperature may drop but it soon rebounds and becomes capable of supporting another tropical storm. of Texas at Austin. The high-resolution GoM-HYCOM configuration used in these various projects also provides 7-day forecast of the Gulf of Mexico conditions once a week, available Straits of Florida - Wikipedia The hurricane season officially runs from June 1 to November 30, during which time meteorologic and oceanographic conditions are conducive for hurricanes to develop anywhere in the gulf. Gulf of Mexico Activities | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management It supports major American, Mexican and Cuban fishing industries. The main dynamical feature of the Gulf of Mexico is the Loop Current, which is a portion, upstream of the Gulf Stream, of the North Atlantic western boundary current that carries ocean waters from the Tropics towards the high latitudes. PC-566 began dropping depth charges on a sonar contact, sinking U-166. GIS Data Sharing. Regional Report- Gulf of Mexico of Oceanogr. Published on 24 May 2017. All of this encouraged two further expeditions, the first in 1518 under the command of Juan de Grijalva, and the second in 1519 under the command of Hernn Corts, which led to the Spanish exploration, military invasion, and ultimately settlement and colonization known as the Conquest of Mexico. These organisms consume the hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulfide released from those seeps. [27] River drainage and atmospheric fallout from industrial coastal cities also provide nutrients to the coastal zone. Special Areas under MARPOL - International Maritime Organization A few days later, on May 4, Pierre Le Moyne sailed for France leaving his teenage brother, Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, as second in command to the French commandant. Pet. 25 Sept 1997. Gulf of Mexico | gulf, North America | Britannica Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. When the tragic Deepwater Horizon oil spill occurred in 2010, marine biologists of NOAAs Natural Resource Damage Assessment division needed a detailed map of the seafloor surrounding the incident to model how many of those benthic communities may have been affected. Video footage from the ROV was an integral part of this outreach and used extensively in the Mystery Mardi Gras Shipwreck documentary.[37]. This low error meant that data from these depths would reveal the finest-resolution regional deepwater bathymetry ever created. The passengers aboard Robert E. Lee were primarily survivors of previous torpedo attacks by German U-boats. Nautical Charts Online - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Having developed the method and delivered the map to the biologists, the geoscientists realized the potential they had available to them: They could combine the rest of their seafloor maps to cover most of the northern GOM under deep water. The Loop Current is a fascinating ocean current, which changes extension with time: from a retracted, direct pathway between the Yucatan Channel at the southern entrance of the Gulf and its exit at the Straits of Florida, it slowly grows inside the eastern Gulf of Mexico, until its extension almost reaches the Mississippi Delta and forms a large loop (hence its name) before exiting the Gulf.

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